Concert Program, 21 October 2000

Jan Overduin and Donald Knuth
Benton Street Baptist Church, Waterloo, Ontario

A fancy for two to play, by Thomas Tomkins (1571--1656)
Freely
This piece is the earliest known work for two performers at one keyboard. Originally written to be played on a virginal, it is perhaps even more delightful when played on a pipe organ. Indeed, Tomkins may well have done so himself, because he was organist at the Chapel Royal in London as well as at Worcester Cathedral.

Suite for two keyboards, by George Frideric Handel (1685--1759)
I. Allemande (Andante); II. Courante (Allegro); III. Sarabande (Moderato: cantando e piano sempre); IV. Chaconne (Vivace)
Handel's suite, written about 1720, had to be reconstructed in 1950 by Thurston Dart because the manuscript for one of the two original parts was not preserved. The reconstructed portion is being played tonight on a smaller organ.

Schafe können sicher weiden (BVW 208/5), by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685--1750)
Adagio
One of Bach's most popular melodies, ``Sheep may safely graze,'' is often performed on the organ, although it was originally written for orchestra as part of a ``birthday cantata'' in 1713. A single organist cannot cope with all of the notes that Bach wrote, so Donald Knuth transcribed the original orchestral parts for organ duet in 1975.

Adagio für die Flötenuhr (WoO 33/1), by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770--1827)
Adagio assai
Beethoven composed several pieces for a mechanical clock-organ in 1799; the first of these is the Adagio being played tonight. One cannot hear all the notes of this piece unless it is played either by a machine or by two human organists. We are attempting the latter alternative.

Introduction und Fuge d-moll (Op. 62), by Franz Lachner (1803--1890)
Adagio; Allegro moderato
On the evening of 3 June 1828, Franz Lachner and his friend Franz Schubert decided to compose fugues that they could play together on the famous organ in Heiligenkreuz, near Vienna. They finished their fugues about midnight, and rose early the next day to perform them for several of the resident monks.

Fuge e-moll (Op. Posth. 152, D.V. 952), by Franz Schubert (1797--1828)
Moderato; played twice (with players switching sides)
This fugue by Schubert was written simultaneously with Lachner's; listeners can decide which they prefer. Although Lachner was organist at the Evangelical Church in Vienna, Schubert was comparatively unfamiliar with the pipe organ, and the present piece is his only known work for that instrument.

Fantasie für Orgel c-moll (Op. 35), by Adolph Friedrich Hesse (1809--1863)
Adagio; Andante grazioso; Allegretto
Adolph Hesse, organist at the church of the Bernhardins in Breslau, Germany (now the city of Wroclaw, Poland), was the man who introduced Bach's organ fugues to France, when he played the inaugural recital for a new organ at St. Eustache, Paris, in 1844. His two organ fantasies are among the most well known and frequently recorded organ duets of the nineteenth century.

Quick March, by Horatio Parker (1863--1919)
Allegro
The first American organ duet was this ebullient piece composed by Horatio Parker when he was an 18-year-old organist in Dedham, Massachusetts. Parker went on to found the Department of Music at Yale University in 1894.

Chanson, by Robert Cundick (1926--)
Slowly
Organ duets had become largely forgotten during the early part of the 20th century, but they became increasingly popular during the 1980s. Robert N. Cundick, former organist at the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, published several such duets in 1991, including this poignant song.

Toot Suite (S. 212°), by P. D. Q. Bach (1807--1742)?
I. Preloud (Moderato); II. O.K. Chorale (Andante); III. Fuga Vulgaris (Andante)
J. S. Bach gave his last child three initials instead of a name, because his previous 20 children had already used up all possible names. P. D. Q. spent his reclining years in Baden-Baden-Baden, where he composed this unusually representative suite for steam calliope. After the final movement had been recorded by the great four-handed organist Emmanuel Pedal in 1967, the entire suite was unearthed by Peter Schickele in 1972. Tonight's performance uses a special toot stop first used at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, designed specifically for this piece by Edward Millington Stout III of Hayward, California.

Desire (a ricercare), by Stephen A. Malinowski (1953--)
Very slow
Stephen Malinowski composed this yet-unpublished piece in 1980, and sent a copy to Donald Knuth as an Easter present in 1997. Malinowski is an amateur musician who does computer-related work for a small California company called InnoSys. His hobby is the creation of animated visualizations of music.

Walzer zu vier Füssen, by Johann Strauss (1825--1899)
Andantino (Introduktion; Rosen aus dem Süden; Zigeunerbaron; Fledermaus)
At most one player usually controls the pedals in an organ duet, because there is little room on the pedalboard. But Johannes Matthias Michel published this delightful arrangement of some favorite Strauss waltzes in 1990, to be played only on the pedals --- using four feet.

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